@Article{mti5040015,
AUTHOR = {Li, Jingyi and George, Ceenu and Ngao, Andrea and Holl{\"a}nder, Kai and Mayer, Stefan and Butz, Andreas},
TITLE = {Rear-Seat Productivity in Virtual Reality: Investigating VR Interaction in the Confined Space of a Car},
JOURNAL = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction},
VOLUME = {5},
YEAR = {2021},
NUMBER = {4},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {15},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/5/4/15},
ISSN = {2414-4088},
ABSTRACT = {Ubiquitous technology lets us work in flexible and decentralised ways. Passengers can already use travel time to be productive, and we envision even better performance and experience in vehicles with emerging technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) headsets. However, the confined physical space constrains interactions while the virtual space may be conceptually borderless. We therefore conducted a VR study (N = 33) to examine the influence of physical restraints and virtual working environments on performance, presence, and the feeling of safety. Our findings show that virtual borders make passengers touch the car interior less, while performance and presence are comparable across conditions. Although passengers prefer a secluded and unlimited virtual environment (nature), they are more productive in a shared and limited one (office). We further discuss choices for virtual borders and environments, social experience, and safety responsiveness. Our work highlights opportunities and challenges for future research and design of rear-seat VR interaction.},
DOI = {10.3390/mti5040015}
}