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Trung Thanh Nguyen, Kai Holländer, Marius Hoggenmueller, Callum Parker, Martin Tomitsch
Designing for Projection-based Communicationbetween Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 2019, Utrecht, Netherlands; (bib)

Recent studies have investigated new approaches for communicating an autonomous vehicle's (AV) intent and awareness to pedestrians. This paper adds to this body of work by presenting the design and evaluation of in-situ projections on the road. Our design combines common traffic light patterns with aesthetic visual elements. We describe the iterative design process and the prototyping methods used in each stage. The final design concept was represented as a virtual reality simulation and evaluated with 18 participants in four different street crossing scenarios, which included three scenarios that simulated various degrees of system errors. We found that different design elements were able to support participants' confidence in their decision even when the AV failed to correctly detect their presence. We also identified elements in our design that needed to be more clearly communicated. Based on these findings, the paper presents a series of design recommendations for projection-based communication between AVs and pedestrians.