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Ken Pfeuffer, Abdullatif Dinc, Jan Obernolte, Radiah Rivu, Yasmin Abdrabou, Franziska Schelter, Yomna Abdelrahman, Florian Alt
Bi-3D: Bi-Manual Pen-and-Touch Interaction for 3D Manipulation on Tablets
In UIST â21: Proceedings of the 34th ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. October 10, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. (bib)

Tablets are attractive for design work anywhere, but 3D manipulations are notoriously difficult. We explore how engaging the stylus and multi-touch in concert can render such tasks easier. We introduce Bi-3D, an interaction concept where touch gestures are combined with 2D pen commands for 3D manipulation. For example, for a fast and intuitive 3D drag & drop technique: the pen drags the object on-screen, and parallel pinch-to-zoom moves it in the third dimension. In this paper, we describe the Bi-3D design space, crossing two-handed input and the degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of 3D manipulation and navigation tasks. We demonstrate sketching and manipulation tools in a prototype 3D design application, where users can fluidly combine 3D operations through alternating and parallel use of the modalities. We evaluate the core technique, bi-manual 3DOF input, against widget and mid-air baselines in an object movement task. We find that Bi-3D is a fast and practical way for multi-dimensional manipulation of graphical objects, promising to facilitate 3D design on stylus and tablet devices.